SUKKOT - THE FEAST OF TABERNACLES

The week long holiday of Sukkot (Feast of Tabernacles) usually falls the end of September, beginning of October. During this “season of our rejoicing”, the Jewish people eat their meals in a tabernacle or booth, covered with boughs but with the sky showing through in remembrance of the wanderings from Egypt to the Promised Land. Sukkot is one of the three Pilgrim festivals ordained by God. People had to go up to Jerusalem to celebrate the feast in the Temple.

"Three times you shall keep a feast to Me in the year: You shall keep the Feast of Unleavened Bread… at the time appointed in the month of Abib… and the Feast of Harvest, the first fruits of your labours which you have sown in the field; and the Feast of Ingathering at the end of the year. Three times in the year all your males shall appear before the Lord GOD.” Exodus 23:16 (NKJV)

Being an observant Jew, Jesus too celebrated

 Sukkot.

“Now the Jews' Feast of Tabernacles was at hand… Then the Jews sought him (Jesus) at the feast, and said, Where is he? … Now about the midst of the feast, Jesus went up into the temple and taught… On the last day, that great day of the feast, Jesus stood and cried out, saying, "If anyone thirsts, let him come to Me and drink. He who believes in Me, as the Scripture has said, out of his heart will flow rivers of living water.” 

John 7: 2,11,14,37-38 (NIV)

The three pilgrim feasts - 

Pesach (Passover), Shavuot (Pentecost) and Sukkot (Tabernacles) have both historical and agricultural significance. Because Sukkot occurred in the fall harvest, it was also observed as an agricultural event. Prayers for rain were also recited during this holiday.  In Israel, the first and last days are celebrated as a full holidays (like a Shabbat); The “Eighth Day of Solemn Assembly” is celebrated as Simchat Torah (Rejoicing of the Law). People are allowed to work during Chol Hamo'ed (intermediate days), but the festival framework is maintained. Schools are closed, and many families enjoy the holiday together by going on outings, visiting family or entertaining guests in their Sukkah.

Sukkot’s observance involves “dwelling” in the sukkah. The concept of thanksgiving for the harvest remains central, symbolized by the fruits (real or artificial) that decorate the sukkot (one sukkah, two sukkot). 

Some say the American Pilgrim fathers were influenced by the Jewish observance of Sukkot, from which Thanksgiving Day came.

An important symbolic item of the Festival is the Arba’ah Minim (Four Species). These are held together and waved at different points in the religious services. The four species consist of a lulav (palm branch), etrog (citron), hadasim ( three myrtle twigs) and the aravot (two willow branches). Combined, these are called the Lulav.

According to the Bible, in the millennial Kingdom gentile nations will have to come up to Jerusalem to celebrate Sukkot in order to be blessed with rain. Even though it is not commandment now, many Christians celebrate the Feast of Tabernacles. 

"And it shall come to pass that everyone who is left of all the nations which came against Jerusalem shall go up from year to year to worship the King, the LORD of hosts, and to keep the Feast of Tabernacles. And it shall be that whichever of the families of the earth do not come up to Jerusalem to worship the King, the LORD of hosts, on them there will be no rain." Zechariah 14:16-19 (NKJV)

Awesome, isn't it?

If you'd like to learn more about the Jewish Feasts and special days as they are celebrated in Israel, this book is a great reference guide:

                                                         

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Rosh haShana - The Jewish New Year

“In the seventh month, in the first day of the month, shall be a solemn rest unto you, a memorial proclaimed with blasts of horns [shofar], a holy convocation… and you shall bring an offering made by fire unto the Lord.” Leviticus 23:24, 25

The Torah doesn’t call it Rosh haShana, but it is known by different descriptions.

Leviticus 23:24 mentioned the “day of blowing horns (shofarim)”. This is sometimes translated as 'trumpets'. 

Ezekiel 40:1 calls it “the beginning of the year”; while in rabbinic literature they call it “day of judgment” and “day of remembrance”.

The Hebrew month of Elul (August/September) is the month of the “High Holy Days”. The period between Rosh haShana (Jewish New Year) and Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement) is also called “the ten days of awe”, because of the need for introspection and repentance.

Rosh haShana (literally meaning “head of the year”) heralds the Hebrew month of Tishrei (September/October) (Tishrei is Aramaic for “to begin”). This year it falls on September 29^th at sundown. 

It is celebrated for two days and is seen as a Day of Judgment. 

On the first day, the tashlich (“you will cast”) ritual takes place in which “sins” are symbolically cast into open water. People also throw bread and pebbles. The days of repentance begin with Rosh haShana and climax at Yom Kippur (October 9, 2019). Religious Jews believe that even though judgment is pronounced on Rosh haShana, during the following ten days they can mend their ways and alter judgment in their favor.

Rosh haShana is a day of rest, like the Shabbat. The sound of the Shofar (ram’s horn) is intended to awaken the people from their “slumber” and alert them to the coming judgment.

In Israel people greet each other with Shana Tova (Good Year) or Shana Tova uMetuka (good and sweet New Year). Often they add Gmar Chatima Tova (May you be inscribed in the book of life).

Apple and honey, symbolizing the sweet New Year is always part of the holiday food. Other symbolic food is a fish head (“head” of the new year) and a round Challah, to symbolize the year cycle).

In ancient times Rosh haShana was the beginning of the economic year, with emphasis on the agricultural seasons and the pilgrim’s festivals (Pesach, Shavuot and Succot). It was only celebrated for one day, instead of the modern two-day holiday. 

Rosh haShana is seen as the anniversary of God’s Creation. On this day mankind passes before the Creator, like sheep before the shepherd. Three books are opened – the Book of Life, which seals the righteous, who will live. The wicked are “blotted out of the book of the living” (Psalm 69:29) while those “in between” have till Yom Kippur to repent and become righteous.

  

Judaism’s many “New Years”

• 1^st of Nissan (March/April) - “Biblical New Year” after the Exodus from Egypt. Determined the length of a king’s reign. Start of the ecclesiastical Calender.
• 1^st of Elul (August/September) – Beginning of the year to tithe animals for the Temple.
• 1^st of Shevat (January/February) – this later changed to the 15^th (Tu beShevat) and was called the New Year of trees. Calculations were made for the tithes of the fruit harvest.
• 1^st of Tishrei (September/October) – civil Hebrew Calender, legal contracts.
• 1^st January – New Year on the Gregorian Calender.

  

Religious practices:

• Many orthodox men were a Kittel (Yiddish) which is a white robe, also traditionally worn by a bridegroom, symbolizing purity. Often it is also used as a burial shroud. Isaiah 1:18 “our sins shall be made as white as snow”. It reminds them of the white linen robe the High Priest wore during Temple ceremonies.
• This is an extra busy time for organizations to ask for donations, as charity is even more important during this period.

Shavuot - the Feast of Weeks

In Israel, Shavuot is celebrated only for one day - on the 6^th day of the Hebrew month of Sivan (This year on May 20.) In the Diaspora, Jews celebrate it for two days. The Christian holiday of Pentecost always falls on the 7^th Sunday after Easter which in 2018, is on the same Sunday as Shavuot.

The Hebrew word for Shavuot means “weeks” and refers to the counting of seven weeks from the second day of the Pesach (Passover) holiday. This period is called the “Counting of the Omer”. Shavuot is the only Pilgrim festival of which the Bible doesn’t give a specific date on which to celebrate.

The Festival has different names:

 à Chag Shavuot (Festival of Weeks)

à Chag ha Katsir (Reaping holiday)

à Yom ha Bikkurim (day of first fruits)

à Pentecost (Greek for 50)

According to a certain stream in Judaism: Torah must be reshit (first). This is linked to a set of customs, whose first letters form the word “acharit” (last).

1. Akdamot - a liturgical poem, read in synagogue.

2. Chalav - milk. The Rabbis reasoned that because the Israelites didn’t have time to prepare meat for Shavuot, they only consumed dairy products. It’s a popular custom to eat cheese cake and blintzes (pancakes filled with cheese) during Shavuot.

3. Ruth - the scroll of Ruth is read in synagogues. She became a member of the Jewish people by accepting the Torah. Converts to Judaism are honoured at this time. Tradition tells us that King David (form the line of Boaz and Ruth) was born and died on Shavuot. Many people visit his grave on Mount Zion in Jerusalem.

4. Yerek - greenery. Homes and synagogues are decorated with greenery. The bimah* (platform) where the Torah readings take place now looks like a chuppah* (wedding canopy). Moses, the matchmaker, brought the Jewish people (bride) to the chuppah (Mount Sinai) to marry the bridegroom (God). The Torah was the ketubah* (wedding contract).

5. Torah study (all night). Hourly subjects are taught by different teachers and ‘the night passes like a dream’.

Exceprt from the book "Remember, Observe, Rejoice - a guide to the Jewish Feasts, holidays, memorial days and events" by Petra van der Zande.